伐地那非增加EGCG-β-乳球蛋白纳米粒对肝癌细胞的抑制作用

较高浓度的EGCG才能抑制癌细胞的增殖,通过纳米化和EGCG与其他药物的联合使用是提高EGCG生物活性的重要策略。本研究将EGCG和伐地那非（VD）同时包埋于β-乳球蛋白（β-Lg）纳米载体中,制备出EGCG-VD-β-Lg纳米粒（EVβ-NPs）,体外试验证实,EVβ-NPs能提高人肝癌细胞（HepG2细胞）中Caspase-3活性,使HepG2细胞在S期产生明显的阻滞,诱发细胞核分裂,从而导致HepG2细胞凋亡。研究结果表明,将EGCG与微量的VD联合使用,并通过纳米化包埋可以显著提高EGCG的抗癌活性。这一方法在EGCG抗癌制品的开发方面具有潜在的价值。     

豫南茶树种质资源籽实脂肪含量及脂肪酸组成分析

以豫南地区42份茶树种质资源的茶籽为研究对象,分析了茶籽含仁率及茶籽仁的脂肪含量,范围分别在33.53%~71.60%、17.77%~38.39%。利用气-质联用技术（GC-MS）检测了茶籽仁中的脂肪酸组成和含量,共检测到21种脂肪酸,其中主要成分棕榈酸、硬脂酸、顺-油酸、亚油酸和α-亚麻酸的含量分别在2.64%~5.70%、0.21%~1.11%、7.33%~17.29%、0.09%~8.44%和0.01%~0.15%;相关性分析显示,顺-油酸与十三碳酸、十四碳酸和顺-二十碳二烯酸的含量呈极显著负相关,亚油酸与反-油酸、顺-二十二碳六烯酸含量呈极显著负相关;除了水仙7202茶籽仁中的饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸含量比值为3.08∶12.16∶1,其余茶树种质资源茶籽仁中,这三类脂肪酸的比值均约为1∶2.69∶1.37。中黄1号、农抗早、迎霜、鄂茶11号、龙井43、中选8号、崂山3号和黄金叶8个茶树品种,不仅含仁率和脂肪含量较高,而且茶籽仁脂肪酸的组分和含量丰富、均衡,可初步筛选出来作为豫南地区叶籽两用茶园的候选品种。     

甘蓝型油菜MYB28转录因子对根肿菌和水杨酸的响应特征

MYB转录因子参与植物的生长发育和逆境胁迫过程，在植物防御相关信号反应中起着重要的调控作用。 为了明确MYB28在油菜与根肿菌互作中的作用，对感病甘蓝型油菜中双11中MYB28家族基因在根肿菌接种以及 水杨酸处理后的表达模式进行了分析。不同组织表达模式分析显示，相比于根和叶，BnaMYB28 在茎和种子中的表 达水平更高；BnaMYB28 基因在根肿菌和外源水杨酸处理下均有不同程度的表达响应，外源水杨酸处理下Bna⁃ MYB28-1 和BnaMYB28-3 上调表达，BnaMYB28-2 表达则受抑制。根肿菌侵染后，BnaMYB28-1 在整个侵染期表达 量均显著上调，但在加入水杨酸后表达被显著抑制；BnaMYB28-3 表达量在接菌后7 d和28 d显著上调，在关键皮层 侵染期（接菌后14 d）表达量与对照组相比没有变化，但在施加水杨酸处理后表达量显著上调。综上，外源水杨酸能 正向调控BnaMYB28-1 和BnaMYB28-3 表达，BnaMYB28-3 可能通过水杨酸信号路径参与油菜与根肿菌的互作。     

Dynamics of nitrogen translocation from mature leaves to new shoots and related gene expression during spring shoots development in tea plants (Camellia sinensis L.)

The contribution of N remobilization is crucial for new shoots growth and quality formation during spring tea shoots development. However, the translocation mechanism of N from source leaves to sink young shoots is not well understood. In the present study, ¹⁵N urea was applied to mature tea leaves one week before bud break to track N remobilization in a field experiment. The dynamic changes in plant ¹⁵N abundance, contents of amino acids, and the expression levels of genes related to N metabolism and translocation were followed during the 18‐d development of new spring shoots until three expanding young leaves. The results showed that during the growth of new shoots the amount of ¹⁵N in the shoots increased, whereas the N_dff (N derived from ¹⁵N‐urea) in mature leaves decreased, showing that the foliar‐applied N in mature leaves was readily exported to new shoots. This process was found to be accompanied by decline of chlorophylls. In the mature leaves, expression CsATG18a and CsSAG12 involved in autophagy was dramatically induced (> 4‐fold) at approximately nine days after the bud breaking. The genes involved in the transformation of amino acids, including primarily CsGDH2, CsGDH4, CsGLT3, CsGS1;3, and CsASN2 were upregulated by > 3‐fold after bud breaking. The expression levels of CsATG8A, CsATG9, CsSAG12, CsGS1;1, CsGDH1, and CsAAP6 correlated negatively with the N_dff in mature leaves, but positively with ¹⁵N amount and total N amount in new shoots, suggesting these genes played important roles in N export from mature leaves. In the new shoots, the expression of most genes showed two defined peaks, one on six days and one on 12 days after bud breaking. The expression of CsGS2, CsASN3, CsGLT1, and CsAAP4 positively correlated with the ¹⁵N amount and total N amount in new shoots. These genes might be involved in the transport and re‐assimilation of N from mature leaves. The overall results demonstrated that the translocation of ¹⁵N from mature leaves to new spring shoots was regulated by the genes involved in autophagy, protein degradation, amino acid transformation and transport.     

Role of chlorogenic acid in endothelial dysfunction in db/db mice

AIM: To explore the effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on endothelial dysfunction in db/db mice and the possible mechanism. METHODS: Male db/db mice (n=12) were divided into control group and CGA group, with 6 mice in each group. The mice in CGA group were treated with diet containing 0.02% CGA, while the mice in control group were given normal diet only. The observation period was 12 weeks. Fasting blood glucose level, tail blood pressure and the body weight were analyzed each week. At the end of the 12th week, the mice were anesthetized and blood was taken from carotid artery. The plasma levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), catalase (CAT), NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1 (NQO1) and glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1) were measured by ELISA. The mouse aortas were isolated, and the superoxide anion and nitric oxide (NO) levels were measured by DHE and DAF-2 DA staining, respectively. Wire Myograph System was used to detect the vasorelaxation of db/db mouse aorta. The protein levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), phosphorylated endothelial NO synthase (p-eNOS), P22^phox and P47^phox were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: Dietary CGA decreased fasting blood glucose and body weight in db/db mice as compared with control group (P<0.01 or P<0.05). The plasma levels of HO-1, CAT, NQO1 and GPx-1 in CGA group were higher than those in control group (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Administration of CGA for 12 weeks attenuated superoxide anion level, increased NO level in the mouse endothelium and improved endothelium-dependent relaxation of the db/db mouse aorta. CGA also increased the protein levels of PPARα, Nrf2, p-AMPK and p-eNOS, and decreased P22^phox and P47^phox levels (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Dietary CGA improves db/db mouse endothelium-dependent relaxation. This effect may be related to the increases in the levels of antioxidant molecules PPARα, Nrf2 and p-AMPK, and the up-regulation of antioxidant capacity, thus decreasing the oxidative stress, promoting eNOS phosphorylation, and increasing NO level.     

棉籽壳中除草活性物质提取及鉴定

为了开发利用棉籽壳中的除草活性物质，分别以无水乙醇、正丁醇、石油醚和乙酸乙酯为溶剂，采用索氏提取法对棉籽壳中的活性物质进行了提取，并对各溶剂粗提物进行了除草活性测定。结果发现:用无水乙醇提取的粗提物对稗草生长的抑制活性最高，经气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用分析，发现该粗提物中主要含有甘油、三环己基3-烯-6-辛酮、4-乙烯基-2-甲氧基苯酚、(邻甲基苯酚)-2-溴-2氯-乙酰酯、十四酸、十四酸乙酯、十六烷酸、辛酸异戊酯和亚油酸9种化合物。进一步的除草活性测定结果表明，亚油酸、辛酸异戊酯、4-乙烯基-2-甲氧基苯酚和(邻甲基苯酚)-2-溴-2氯-乙酰酯4种化合物对稗草表现出一定的除草活性，其中亚油酸活性最强，其IC₅₀值为14.5 mg/L。     

保护地黄瓜新品种唐杂6 号的选育

唐杂6 号是以雌性系S16 为母本，以自交系S26 为父本配制的强雌型黄瓜一代杂种。生长势强，商品瓜短棒状， 瓜长12～14 cm，横径4.0～4.3 cm，非特异性环境下雌花率95% 以上，瓜皮嫩绿有光泽，白刺，刺瘤稀小，平均单瓜质量 131.8 g 左右，高抗霜霉病，抗细菌性角斑病，耐白粉病；春保护地栽培平均产量可达8 000 kg·（667 m²） ^-1，秋冬保护地栽 培产量可达6 500 kg·（667 m²） ^-1；适合河北、北京、天津及东北地区春、秋保护地种植。     

利用荧光观测明确载球孢白僵菌松毛虫赤眼蜂对亚洲玉米螟的防控增效作用

载球孢白僵菌松毛虫赤眼蜂能够显著提高对亚洲玉米螟的防控效果，为了明确其对亚洲玉米螟卵期及幼虫期可持续防控的作用机理，采用松毛虫赤眼蜂吸附绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）标记的球孢白僵菌分生孢子，进行赤眼蜂载菌情况，以及亚洲玉米螟卵和幼虫的寄生、侵染过程观察。结果表明，赤眼蜂羽化后能够吸附柞蚕卵表面粘附的白僵菌分生孢子，并将其携带至亚洲玉米螟卵块表面，并吸附于未被赤眼蜂寄生的亚洲玉米螟卵孵化的幼虫体表，实现侵染并致死，幼虫带菌率达60.00%，网室内杀虫生物测定僵虫率达27.00%。本研究表明，载菌赤眼蜂在提高杀虫效率的同时实现害虫可持续防控，该方法为其他载菌天敌的应用提供了依据。